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= Software Stack: From First Boot to Full Distribution =
= Software Stack: From First Boot to Full Distribution =


'''Note: This is an initial draft of the software roadmap for the PowerPC Notebook project. Every step outlined here must be reviewed, tested, and validated by the community.'''
'''Note: This is an initial draft of the software roadmap for the PowerPC Notebook project. At this stage, this is more of brain dump, rather than a polished roadmap. Contributions and comments are welcome.'''
'''Target architecture: We will support only PPC64 Big Endian for this project.'''
 
'''Target architecture: PPC64 Big Endian.'''


== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


The software stack for the PowerPC Notebook is a critical enabler for the hardware. Our challenge is to bring up a modern, open-source Linux system on non-mainstream architecture (PowerPC), using a custom motherboard based on the NXP T2080 SoC. That means:
The software stack for the PowerPC Notebook is a critical enabler for the hardware. Our challenge is to bring up a modern, open-source Linux system on non-mainstream architecture (PowerPC), using a custom motherboard based on the NXP T2080 (?) SoC. That means:


* Bootstrapping software from scratch, with limited upstream support
* Bootstrapping software from scratch, with limited upstream support
* Building and testing a minimal Linux system to prove hardware works
* Building and testing a minimal Linux system to prove hardware works
* Gradually evolving toward a user-friendly, maintainable Linux distribution
* Gradually evolving toward a user-friendly, maintainable Linux distribution
We outline a '''progressive roadmap''': from booting the board to building our own distro, using modern infrastructure and tools wherever possible.
We outline a '''progressive roadmap''': from booting the board to building our own distro, using modern infrastructure and tools wherever possible.


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Task !! Description
! Task !! Description
|-
|-  
| Set up cross toolchain || Use NXP’s PowerPC GCC SDK for T2080
| Set up cross toolchain || Use NXP’s PowerPC GCC SDK for T2080
|-
|-  
| Build U-Boot || Start from <code>T2080RDB_defconfig</code>, customize for our board
| Build U-Boot || Start from <code>T2080RDB_defconfig</code>, customize for our board
|-
|-  
| Write Device Tree (DTS) || Tailor the .dts to our motherboard’s peripherals
| Write Device Tree (DTS) || Tailor the .dts to our motherboard’s peripherals
|-
|-  
| Build kernel || Use NXP's patched or mainline kernel with minimal config
| Build kernel || Use NXP's patched or mainline kernel with minimal config
|-
|-  
| Load root filesystem || Use Initramfs, NFS, SD card or TFTP
| Load root filesystem || Use Initramfs, NFS, SD card or TFTP
|-
|-  
| Test via serial console || Use UART for logs and early debugging
| Test via serial console || Use UART for logs and early debugging
|}
|}
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=== Why ===
=== Why ===


* Validates CPU, memory, and power circuitry
* Validates CPU, memory, and power circuitry
* Enables testing and debugging of other peripherals
* Enables testing and debugging of other peripherals
* Serves as foundation for OS bring-up and userland development
* Serves as foundation for OS bring-up and userland development


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Component !! Functionality
! Component !! Functionality
|-
|-  
| U-Boot || Initialize CPU, memory, load kernel
| U-Boot || Initialize CPU, memory, load kernel
|-
|-  
| Linux kernel || Hardware detection and device drivers
| Linux kernel || Hardware detection and device drivers
|-
|-  
| Root filesystem || BusyBox or minimal Debian NFS root
| Root filesystem || BusyBox or minimal Debian NFS root
|-
|-  
| Serial console || Primary I/O for early interaction
| Serial console || Primary I/O for early interaction
|-
|-  
| Storage access || SD, SATA, or USB (at least one working path)
| Storage access || SD, SATA, or USB (at least one working path)
|-
|-  
| Device tree blob || Custom for motherboard
| Device tree blob || Custom for motherboard
|}
|}
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=== Goal ===
=== Goal ===


* Boot into a shell prompt
* Boot into a shell prompt
* Validate basic system resources (<code>/proc/cpuinfo</code>, <code>dmesg</code>, etc.)
* Validate basic system resources (<code>/proc/cpuinfo</code>, <code>dmesg</code>, etc.)
* Confirm networking, storage, and peripheral availability
* Confirm networking, storage, and peripheral availability


== 3. Nice-to-Haves: Editors, Tools, and Utilities ==
== 3. Nice-to-Haves: Editors, Tools, and Utilities ==
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Category !! Tools
! Category !! Tools
|-
|-  
| Editors || nano, vim
| Editors || nano, vim
|-
|-  
| Networking || curl, wget, ping, ssh
| Networking || curl, wget, ping, ssh
|-
|-  
| Debugging || gdb, strace, perf, valgrind
| Debugging || gdb, strace, perf, valgrind
|-
|-  
| System info || htop, lshw, i2c-tools, lsusb
| System info || htop, lshw, i2c-tools, lsusb
|-
|-  
| Disk tools || fdisk, parted, e2fsprogs, btrfs-progs
| Disk tools || fdisk, parted, e2fsprogs, btrfs-progs
|-
|-  
| Package management || apt, dpkg, or apk (depending on base)
| Package management || apt, dpkg, or apk (depending on base)
|}
|}
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Component !! Details
! Component !! Details
|-
|-  
| Base System || Debian PPC64, Gentoo, or Void PPC
| Base System || Debian PPC64, Gentoo, or Void PPC
|-
|-  
| Kernel || Custom-built with PowerPC Notebook config
| Kernel || Custom-built with PowerPC Notebook config
|-
|-  
| Init system || systemd or OpenRC
| Init system || systemd or OpenRC
|-
|-  
| Package management || apt (Debian), emerge (Gentoo), xbps (Void)
| Package management || apt (Debian), emerge (Gentoo), xbps (Void)
|-
|-  
| Desktop environment || XFCE, MATE, GNOME (PPC64 builds)
| Desktop environment || XFCE, MATE, GNOME (PPC64 builds)
|-
|-  
| Installer || CLI or graphical installer image
| Installer || CLI or graphical installer image
|-
|-  
| Update system || apt repos or rsync-based delta updates
| Update system || apt repos or rsync-based delta updates
|-
|-  
| Branding || Custom themes, logos, powerpcnotebook.org
| Branding || Custom themes, logos, powerpcnotebook.org
|}
|}
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=== Distro Build Systems to Consider ===
=== Distro Build Systems to Consider ===


* debootstrap / live-build (Debian-based builds)
* debootstrap / live-build (Debian-based builds)
* Buildroot (for minimal rootfs + kernel images)
* Buildroot (for minimal rootfs + kernel images)
* Yocto Project (flexible meta-distribution)
* Yocto Project (flexible meta-distribution)
* Gentoo Catalyst (for full ISO or stage builds)
* Gentoo Catalyst (for full ISO or stage builds)


== 5. CI/CD Pipelines and Build Infrastructure ==
== 5. CI/CD Pipelines and Build Infrastructure ==
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=== CI/CD Goals ===
=== CI/CD Goals ===


* Automatically build U-Boot, kernel, and rootfs images
* Automatically build U-Boot, kernel, and rootfs images
* Run tests on emulated environments (QEMU PPC64)
* Run tests on emulated environments (QEMU PPC64)
* Deploy daily/weekly builds for community testing
* Deploy daily/weekly builds for community testing
* Detect regressions early and validate commits
* Detect regressions early and validate commits


=== Tools ===
=== Tools ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Use Case !! Toolchain
! Use Case !! Toolchain
|-
|-  
| CI/CD pipelines || GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Buildbot
| CI/CD pipelines || GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Buildbot
|-
|-  
| Emulated testing || QEMU PowerPC64 + expect/serial scripts
| Emulated testing || QEMU PowerPC64 + expect/serial scripts
|-
|-  
| Cross-builds || Docker + <code>powerpc64-linux-gnu-gcc</code> toolchains
| Cross-builds || Docker + <code>powerpc64-linux-gnu-gcc</code> toolchains
|-
|-  
| Image hosting || GitHub Pages, Netlify, custom CDN
| Image hosting || GitHub Pages, Netlify, custom CDN
|-
|-  
| Build orchestration || cbuild, Yocto Autobuilder, Jenkins
| Build orchestration || cbuild, Yocto Autobuilder, Jenkins
|}
|}
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=== Example CI Flow ===
=== Example CI Flow ===


# Push to <code>main</code> branch
# Push to <code>main</code> branch
# GitHub Actions builds U-Boot, kernel, and rootfs
# GitHub Actions builds U-Boot, kernel, and rootfs
# QEMU boots the image and verifies UART output
# QEMU boots the image and verifies UART output
# Artifacts are uploaded to <code>artifacts.powerpcnotebook.org</code>
# Artifacts are uploaded to <code>artifacts.powerpcnotebook.org</code>


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=== Use Cases ===
=== Use Cases ===


* Build U-Boot or Linux kernel from any host
* Build U-Boot or Linux kernel from any host
* Package testing in isolated environments
* Package testing in isolated environments
* Running PPC-specific tools in reproducible containers
* Running PPC-specific tools in reproducible containers


=== Example Images ===
=== Example Images ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Image Name !! Description
! Image Name !! Description
|-
|-  
| powerpc-dev-env || Full dev env with toolchain and make
| powerpc-dev-env || Full dev env with toolchain and make
|-
|-  
| powerpc-kernel-builder || Kernel-specific builder and configs
| powerpc-kernel-builder || Kernel-specific builder and configs
|-
|-  
| powerpc-debian-chroot || Debootstrap PPC64 rootfs for package test
| powerpc-debian-chroot || Debootstrap PPC64 rootfs for package test
|}
|}
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=== Relevant Debian Practices ===
=== Relevant Debian Practices ===


* Reproducible Builds
* Reproducible Builds
* Debian Ports infrastructure
* Debian Ports infrastructure
* <code>live-build</code> and <code>debootstrap</code>
* <code>live-build</code> and <code>debootstrap</code>
* Debian Installer (<code>d-i</code>)
* Debian Installer (<code>d-i</code>)
* QA tools: lintian, piuparts, autopkgtest
* QA tools: lintian, piuparts, autopkgtest


=== Related Projects to Watch ===
=== Related Projects to Watch ===
{| class="wikitable"
This information may be outdated as it is not easy to keep up with all the developments. Feel free to update the wiki in case of errors or omissions.
! Project !! Relevance
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="height: 948px;"
|+ Open Source Distributions Supporting PowerPC (Including Less Mainstream Projects)
|- style="height: 51px;"
! style="height: 51px; width: 437.406px;" | Distribution Name !! style="height: 51px; width: 154.828px;" | Based On !! style="height: 51px; width: 111.594px;" | Active Status !! style="height: 51px; width: 197.031px;" | Last Release !! style="height: 51px; width: 280.281px;" | Source Code Repository !! style="height: 51px; width: 238.719px;" | Endian Support !! style="height: 51px; width: 90.6406px;" | 32-bit Support !! style="height: 51px; width: 90.6406px;" | 64-bit Support !! style="height: 51px; width: 467.109px;" | Notes
|- style="height: 28px;"
! style="height: 28px; width: 437.406px;" | Linux Distributions (Including Less Mainstream/Historical)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="height: 28px; width: 451.656px;" | Adélie Linux || style="height: 28px; width: 169.078px;" | Independent || style="height: 28px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 28px; width: 211.281px;" | December 20, 2024 (1.0-BETA6) || style="height: 28px; width: 294.531px;" | https://git.adelielinux.org/ || style="height: 28px; width: 252.969px;" | Big Endian || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 481.359px;" | Supports G3, G4, and G5 PowerPC.
|- style="height: 51px;"
| style="height: 51px; width: 451.656px;" | Arch Power || style="height: 51px; width: 169.078px;" | Independent || style="height: 51px; width: 125.844px;" | Active (unofficial port) || style="height: 51px; width: 211.281px;" | January 1, 2025 (2025.01.01) || style="height: 51px; width: 294.531px;" | https://github.com/kth5/archpower/wiki || style="height: 51px; width: 252.969px;" | Big Endian (powerpc), Little Endian (ppc64el) || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 481.359px;" | Unofficial port.
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="height: 28px; width: 451.656px;" | Chimera Linux || style="height: 28px; width: 169.078px;" | Independent || style="height: 28px; width: 125.844px;" | Beta || style="height: 28px; width: 211.281px;" | April 20, 2025 (Rolling Release) || style="height: 28px; width: 294.531px;" | https://github.com/chimera-linux/ || style="height: 28px; width: 252.969px;" | Both (ppc, ppc64le) || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 481.359px;" | Uses musl libc and FreeBSD userland.
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="height: 28px; width: 451.656px;" | CruxPPC || style="height: 28px; width: 169.078px;" | CRUX || style="height: 28px; width: 125.844px;" | Inactive || style="height: 28px; width: 211.281px;" | Unknown || style="height: 28px; width: 294.531px;" | https://cruxppc.org/ || style="height: 28px; width: 252.969px;" | Big Endian || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{cross}} || style="height: 28px; width: 481.359px;" | A port of the lightweight CRUX distribution to PowerPC. Status uncertain.
|- style="height: 51px;"
| style="height: 51px; width: 451.656px;" | Debian || style="height: 51px; width: 169.078px;" | Debian || style="height: 51px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 51px; width: 211.281px;" | May 17, 2025 (Debian 12.11) || style="height: 51px; width: 294.531px;" | https://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/inst/install || style="height: 51px; width: 252.969px;" | Big Endian (powerpc), Little Endian (ppc64el) || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 481.359px;" | Development for ppc64 (big-endian) is mostly stalled.
|- style="height: 51px;"
| style="height: 51px; width: 451.656px;" | Fedora || style="height: 51px; width: 169.078px;" | Fedora || style="height: 51px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 51px; width: 211.281px;" | April 15, 2025 (Fedora 42) || style="height: 51px; width: 294.531px;" | https://src.fedoraproject.org/ || style="height: 51px; width: 252.969px;" | Big Endian (ppc64), Little Endian (ppc64le) || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{cross}} || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 481.359px;" | Dropped 32-bit PowerPC support after Fedora 22.
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="height: 28px; width: 451.656px;" | Fienix || style="height: 28px; width: 169.078px;" | Debian || style="height: 28px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 28px; width: 211.281px;" | Rolling || style="height: 28px; width: 294.531px;" | https://gitlab.com/fienix || style="height: 28px; width: 252.969px;" | Both || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 481.359px;" | A derivative of Debian tailored for PowerPC.
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="height: 28px; width: 451.656px;" | Gentoo Linux || style="height: 28px; width: 169.078px;" | Source-based || style="height: 28px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 28px; width: 211.281px;" | Rolling || style="height: 28px; width: 294.531px;" | https://gitweb.gentoo.org/ || style="height: 28px; width: 252.969px;" | Both (ppc, ppc64) || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 481.359px;" | Requires compiling from source. ppc64 profile is bi-endian.
|- style="height: 51px;"
| style="height: 51px; width: 451.656px;" | MkLinux || style="height: 51px; width: 169.078px;" | Microkernel (Mach) / Linux || style="height: 51px; width: 125.844px;" | Inactive || style="height: 51px; width: 211.281px;" | 1998 || style="height: 51px; width: 294.531px;" | https://www.mklinux.org/development/cvs.html || style="height: 51px; width: 252.969px;" | Big Endian || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{cross}} || style="height: 51px; width: 481.359px;" | Early port of Linux to PowerPC Macintosh. Development ceased.
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="height: 28px; width: 451.656px;" | MintPPC || style="height: 28px; width: 169.078px;" | Linux Mint/Debian || style="height: 28px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 28px; width: 211.281px;" | Rolling || style="height: 28px; width: 294.531px;" | https://github.com/MintPPC || style="height: 28px; width: 252.969px;" | Both || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 481.359px;" | Specifically designed for PowerPC (Old World and New World Macs).
|- style="height: 51px;"
| style="height: 51px; width: 451.656px;" | openSUSE || style="height: 51px; width: 169.078px;" | SUSE || style="height: 51px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 51px; width: 211.281px;" | Rolling (Tumbleweed), Stable (Leap) || style="height: 51px; width: 294.531px;" | https://build.opensuse.org/ || style="height: 51px; width: 252.969px;" | Both || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 481.359px;" | Offers both stable and rolling releases.
|- style="height: 51px;"
| style="height: 51px; width: 451.656px;" | OpenPPC || style="height: 51px; width: 169.078px;" | Independent || style="height: 51px; width: 125.844px;" | Inactive || style="height: 51px; width: 211.281px;" | 2006 || style="height: 51px; width: 294.531px;" | (Likely archived) || style="height: 51px; width: 252.969px;" | Big Endian || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{cross}} || style="height: 51px; width: 481.359px;" | Aimed to be a user-friendly PowerPC Linux distribution. Development ceased.
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="height: 28px; width: 451.656px;" | Ubuntu || style="height: 28px; width: 169.078px;" | Debian || style="height: 28px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 28px; width: 211.281px;" | Rolling || style="height: 28px; width: 294.531px;" | https://git.launchpad.net/ubuntu || style="height: 28px; width: 252.969px;" | Both || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 481.359px;" | Check specific release notes for architecture support.
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="height: 28px; width: 451.656px;" | Void Linux (PPC) || style="height: 28px; width: 169.078px;" | Independent || style="height: 28px; width: 125.844px;" | Inactive || style="height: 28px; width: 211.281px;" | 2023 || style="height: 28px; width: 294.531px;" | https://github.com/void-ppc || style="height: 28px; width: 252.969px;" | Both || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 481.359px;" | Community-led effort.
|- style="height: 51px;"
| style="height: 51px; width: 451.656px;" | Yellow Dog Linux || style="height: 51px; width: 169.078px;" | Red Hat/Fedora || style="height: 51px; width: 125.844px;" | Inactive || style="height: 51px; width: 211.281px;" | August 6, 2009 (6.2) || style="height: 51px; width: 294.531px;" | (Likely archived, e.g., via WayBack Machine) || style="height: 51px; width: 252.969px;" | Both || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 481.359px;" | Historically significant for PlayStation 3 and PowerPC Macs. Development ceased.
|-
|-
| Debian PowerPC || Maintains PPC64 ports and packages
| style="width: 451.656px;" | T2 SDE<br>
| style="width: 169.078px;" | -
| style="width: 125.844px;" | Active
| style="width: 211.281px;" | <br>
| style="width: 294.531px;" | https://t2sde.org/documentation/
| style="width: 252.969px;" | Both
| style="width: 104.891px;" | {{check}}
| style="width: 104.891px;" | {{check}}
| style="width: 481.359px;" | System to create new distributions. Similar to Yotco.
|-
|-
| Void PPC || Maintains lightweight PPC builds
| style="width: 451.656px;" | Bedrock Linux
|-
| style="width: 169.078px;" | -
| Gentoo PPC || Flexible, source-based PPC support
| style="width: 125.844px;" | <br>
|-
| style="width: 211.281px;" | <br>
| Yocto/OpenEmbedded || Board support packages and rootfs config
| style="width: 294.531px;" | https://bedrocklinux.org/
|-
| style="width: 252.969px;" | <br>
| OpenPOWER Firmware || Future firmware replacement roadmap
| style="width: 104.891px;" | {{check}}
| style="width: 104.891px;" | {{check}}
| style="width: 481.359px;" | Sytem to create a new distribution by picking and choosing components from various distributions.
|- style="height: 28px;"
! style="height: 28px; width: 437.406px;" | FreeBSD Distributions (Including Less Mainstream/Historical)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="height: 51px;"
| style="height: 51px; width: 451.656px;" | FreeBSD || style="height: 51px; width: 169.078px;" | BSD || style="height: 51px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 51px; width: 211.281px;" | March 11, 2025 (13.5-RELEASE) || style="height: 51px; width: 294.531px;" | https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/ || style="height: 51px; width: 252.969px;" | Both || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 481.359px;" | Tier 2 support for 32-bit and 64-bit PowerPC. 32-bit support deprecated in 15.0.
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="height: 28px; width: 451.656px;" | MidnightBSD || style="height: 28px; width: 169.078px;" | FreeBSD || style="height: 28px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 28px; width: 211.281px;" | Rolling || style="height: 28px; width: 294.531px;" | https://github.com/midnightbsd || style="height: 28px; width: 252.969px;" | Both || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 481.359px;" | Aims to adapt FreeBSD for desktop usage.
|- style="height: 28px;"
| style="height: 28px; width: 451.656px;" | NetBSD || style="height: 28px; width: 169.078px;" | BSD || style="height: 28px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 28px; width: 211.281px;" | Rolling || style="height: 28px; width: 294.531px;" | https://github.com/netbsd/src || style="height: 28px; width: 252.969px;" | Both || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 28px; width: 481.359px;" | Known for portability. MacPPC is Tier II.
|- style="height: 51px;"
| style="height: 51px; width: 451.656px;" | OpenBSD || style="height: 51px; width: 169.078px;" | BSD || style="height: 51px; width: 125.844px;" | Active || style="height: 51px; width: 211.281px;" | Rolling || style="height: 51px; width: 294.531px;" | https://github.com/openbsd/src || style="height: 51px; width: 252.969px;" | Big Endian || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 481.359px;" | Focuses on security and has official support for Apple's Mac-based PowerPC hardware.
|- style="height: 51px;"
! style="height: 51px; width: 437.406px;" | Other Open Source Distributions (Including Less Mainstream/Historical)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="height: 51px;"
| style="height: 51px; width: 451.656px;" | Haiku || style="height: 51px; width: 169.078px;" | Independent (BeOS inspired) || style="height: 51px; width: 125.844px;" | Beta || style="height: 51px; width: 211.281px;" | Rolling || style="height: 51px; width: 294.531px;" | https://github.com/haiku/haiku || style="height: 51px; width: 252.969px;" | Little Endian || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{check}} || style="height: 51px; width: 104.891px;" | {{cross}} || style="height: 51px; width: 481.359px;" | Has a PowerPC port, may require manual compilation.
|}
|}


== 8. Build Tooling (WIP Placeholder Section) ==
== 8. Build Tooling (WIP/Placeholders) ==


This section will document the exact steps, tools, and workflows needed to build every part of the software stack.
This section will document the exact steps, tools, and workflows needed to build every part of the software stack.
Line 216: Line 299:
* Secure image signing (U-Boot SPL, FIT images, secure boot)
* Secure image signing (U-Boot SPL, FIT images, secure boot)
* Emulator-based validation and test harnesses
* Emulator-based validation and test harnesses
'''Note:''' Details for each item will be populated progressively as we finalize architecture and test results.
'''Note:''' Details for each item will be populated progressively as we finalize architecture and test results.


Latest revision as of 18:29, 19 May 2025

Software Stack: From First Boot to Full Distribution

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Note: This is an initial draft of the software roadmap for the PowerPC Notebook project. At this stage, this is more of brain dump, rather than a polished roadmap. Contributions and comments are welcome.

Target architecture: PPC64 Big Endian.

Introduction

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The software stack for the PowerPC Notebook is a critical enabler for the hardware. Our challenge is to bring up a modern, open-source Linux system on non-mainstream architecture (PowerPC), using a custom motherboard based on the NXP T2080 (?) SoC. That means:

  • Bootstrapping software from scratch, with limited upstream support
  • Building and testing a minimal Linux system to prove hardware works
  • Gradually evolving toward a user-friendly, maintainable Linux distribution

We outline a progressive roadmap: from booting the board to building our own distro, using modern infrastructure and tools wherever possible.

1. Basic Plan: Booting the First Prototype

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The first goal is to ensure our hardware can boot into a minimal Linux environment.

What Needs to Be Done

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Task Description
Set up cross toolchain Use NXP’s PowerPC GCC SDK for T2080
Build U-Boot Start from T2080RDB_defconfig, customize for our board
Write Device Tree (DTS) Tailor the .dts to our motherboard’s peripherals
Build kernel Use NXP's patched or mainline kernel with minimal config
Load root filesystem Use Initramfs, NFS, SD card or TFTP
Test via serial console Use UART for logs and early debugging

Why

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  • Validates CPU, memory, and power circuitry
  • Enables testing and debugging of other peripherals
  • Serves as foundation for OS bring-up and userland development

2. Essentials: Proving the Prototype Works

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Once we can boot, we need a minimal userland to interact with the system.

Components Required

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Component Functionality
U-Boot Initialize CPU, memory, load kernel
Linux kernel Hardware detection and device drivers
Root filesystem BusyBox or minimal Debian NFS root
Serial console Primary I/O for early interaction
Storage access SD, SATA, or USB (at least one working path)
Device tree blob Custom for motherboard

Goal

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  • Boot into a shell prompt
  • Validate basic system resources (/proc/cpuinfo, dmesg, etc.)
  • Confirm networking, storage, and peripheral availability

3. Nice-to-Haves: Editors, Tools, and Utilities

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Once the system is up, we add tools to support development, testing, and usability.

Suggested Additions

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Category Tools
Editors nano, vim
Networking curl, wget, ping, ssh
Debugging gdb, strace, perf, valgrind
System info htop, lshw, i2c-tools, lsusb
Disk tools fdisk, parted, e2fsprogs, btrfs-progs
Package management apt, dpkg, or apk (depending on base)

4. Distro: Building Our Own PowerPC Linux Distribution

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Eventually, we want a user-facing Linux distribution specifically optimized for the PowerPC Notebook.

Building Blocks

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Component Details
Base System Debian PPC64, Gentoo, or Void PPC
Kernel Custom-built with PowerPC Notebook config
Init system systemd or OpenRC
Package management apt (Debian), emerge (Gentoo), xbps (Void)
Desktop environment XFCE, MATE, GNOME (PPC64 builds)
Installer CLI or graphical installer image
Update system apt repos or rsync-based delta updates
Branding Custom themes, logos, powerpcnotebook.org

Distro Build Systems to Consider

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  • debootstrap / live-build (Debian-based builds)
  • Buildroot (for minimal rootfs + kernel images)
  • Yocto Project (flexible meta-distribution)
  • Gentoo Catalyst (for full ISO or stage builds)

5. CI/CD Pipelines and Build Infrastructure

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To ensure maintainability, reproducibility, and collaboration, we aim to adopt continuous integration and modern DevOps practices.

CI/CD Goals

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  • Automatically build U-Boot, kernel, and rootfs images
  • Run tests on emulated environments (QEMU PPC64)
  • Deploy daily/weekly builds for community testing
  • Detect regressions early and validate commits

Tools

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Use Case Toolchain
CI/CD pipelines GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Buildbot
Emulated testing QEMU PowerPC64 + expect/serial scripts
Cross-builds Docker + powerpc64-linux-gnu-gcc toolchains
Image hosting GitHub Pages, Netlify, custom CDN
Build orchestration cbuild, Yocto Autobuilder, Jenkins

Example CI Flow

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  1. Push to main branch
  2. GitHub Actions builds U-Boot, kernel, and rootfs
  3. QEMU boots the image and verifies UART output
  4. Artifacts are uploaded to artifacts.powerpcnotebook.org

6. Docker Images for Build and Dev Environments

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Pre-configured Docker images help developers build and test quickly across any host system.

Use Cases

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  • Build U-Boot or Linux kernel from any host
  • Package testing in isolated environments
  • Running PPC-specific tools in reproducible containers

Example Images

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Image Name Description
powerpc-dev-env Full dev env with toolchain and make
powerpc-kernel-builder Kernel-specific builder and configs
powerpc-debian-chroot Debootstrap PPC64 rootfs for package test

7. Inspirations from Debian and Other Projects

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We aim to reuse and adapt ideas from existing projects to accelerate development.

Relevant Debian Practices

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  • Reproducible Builds
  • Debian Ports infrastructure
  • live-build and debootstrap
  • Debian Installer (d-i)
  • QA tools: lintian, piuparts, autopkgtest
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This information may be outdated as it is not easy to keep up with all the developments. Feel free to update the wiki in case of errors or omissions.

Open Source Distributions Supporting PowerPC (Including Less Mainstream Projects)
Distribution Name Based On Active Status Last Release Source Code Repository Endian Support 32-bit Support 64-bit Support Notes
Linux Distributions (Including Less Mainstream/Historical)
Adélie Linux Independent Active December 20, 2024 (1.0-BETA6) https://git.adelielinux.org/ Big Endian ✅ ✅ Supports G3, G4, and G5 PowerPC.
Arch Power Independent Active (unofficial port) January 1, 2025 (2025.01.01) https://github.com/kth5/archpower/wiki Big Endian (powerpc), Little Endian (ppc64el) ✅ ✅ Unofficial port.
Chimera Linux Independent Beta April 20, 2025 (Rolling Release) https://github.com/chimera-linux/ Both (ppc, ppc64le) ✅ ✅ Uses musl libc and FreeBSD userland.
CruxPPC CRUX Inactive Unknown https://cruxppc.org/ Big Endian ✅ ❌ A port of the lightweight CRUX distribution to PowerPC. Status uncertain.
Debian Debian Active May 17, 2025 (Debian 12.11) https://www.debian.org/ports/powerpc/inst/install Big Endian (powerpc), Little Endian (ppc64el) ✅ ✅ Development for ppc64 (big-endian) is mostly stalled.
Fedora Fedora Active April 15, 2025 (Fedora 42) https://src.fedoraproject.org/ Big Endian (ppc64), Little Endian (ppc64le) ❌ ✅ Dropped 32-bit PowerPC support after Fedora 22.
Fienix Debian Active Rolling https://gitlab.com/fienix Both ✅ ✅ A derivative of Debian tailored for PowerPC.
Gentoo Linux Source-based Active Rolling https://gitweb.gentoo.org/ Both (ppc, ppc64) ✅ ✅ Requires compiling from source. ppc64 profile is bi-endian.
MkLinux Microkernel (Mach) / Linux Inactive 1998 https://www.mklinux.org/development/cvs.html Big Endian ✅ ❌ Early port of Linux to PowerPC Macintosh. Development ceased.
MintPPC Linux Mint/Debian Active Rolling https://github.com/MintPPC Both ✅ ✅ Specifically designed for PowerPC (Old World and New World Macs).
openSUSE SUSE Active Rolling (Tumbleweed), Stable (Leap) https://build.opensuse.org/ Both ✅ ✅ Offers both stable and rolling releases.
OpenPPC Independent Inactive 2006 (Likely archived) Big Endian ✅ ❌ Aimed to be a user-friendly PowerPC Linux distribution. Development ceased.
Ubuntu Debian Active Rolling https://git.launchpad.net/ubuntu Both ✅ ✅ Check specific release notes for architecture support.
Void Linux (PPC) Independent Inactive 2023 https://github.com/void-ppc Both ✅ ✅ Community-led effort.
Yellow Dog Linux Red Hat/Fedora Inactive August 6, 2009 (6.2) (Likely archived, e.g., via WayBack Machine) Both ✅ ✅ Historically significant for PlayStation 3 and PowerPC Macs. Development ceased.
T2 SDE
 - Active
https://t2sde.org/documentation/ Both ✅ ✅ System to create new distributions. Similar to Yotco.
Bedrock Linux -

https://bedrocklinux.org/
✅ ✅ Sytem to create a new distribution by picking and choosing components from various distributions.
FreeBSD Distributions (Including Less Mainstream/Historical)
FreeBSD BSD Active March 11, 2025 (13.5-RELEASE) https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/ Both ✅ ✅ Tier 2 support for 32-bit and 64-bit PowerPC. 32-bit support deprecated in 15.0.
MidnightBSD FreeBSD Active Rolling https://github.com/midnightbsd Both ✅ ✅ Aims to adapt FreeBSD for desktop usage.
NetBSD BSD Active Rolling https://github.com/netbsd/src Both ✅ ✅ Known for portability. MacPPC is Tier II.
OpenBSD BSD Active Rolling https://github.com/openbsd/src Big Endian ✅ ✅ Focuses on security and has official support for Apple's Mac-based PowerPC hardware.
Other Open Source Distributions (Including Less Mainstream/Historical)
Haiku Independent (BeOS inspired) Beta Rolling https://github.com/haiku/haiku Little Endian ✅ ❌ Has a PowerPC port, may require manual compilation.

8. Build Tooling (WIP/Placeholders)

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This section will document the exact steps, tools, and workflows needed to build every part of the software stack.

Build Tooling Overview

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  • Cross-toolchain setup (e.g. NXP SDK, crosstool-ng, LLVM)
  • U-Boot build and customization
  • Linux kernel configuration and build
  • Root filesystem generation methods (debootstrap, Buildroot, Yocto)
  • Build orchestration (Makefiles, shell scripts, CI runners)
  • Packaging tools for our distro (dpkg, xbps, etc.)
  • Secure image signing (U-Boot SPL, FIT images, secure boot)
  • Emulator-based validation and test harnesses

Note: Details for each item will be populated progressively as we finalize architecture and test results.

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Technical Resources

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Community and Support

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